Linux系统——Session ID（负载均衡如何保持会话）

news/2024/5/8 2:37:23

目录

一、实验环境搭建

二、部署Nginx代理服务器配置

三、部署后端真是服务器Tomcat配置

四、配置Tomcat的Session ID会话保持

五、测试

此次实验是Tomcat后端服务器如何做Session ID会话保持

一、实验环境搭建

[root@localhost ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]#setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@localhost ~]#yum install epel-release.noarch -y
#安装epel额外源
[root@localhost ~]#yum install nginx -y
#yum安装Nginx   作为代理服务器
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl start nginx
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy serverLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 六 2024-03-16 10:21:23 CST; 5s agoProcess: 2055 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 2051 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 2049 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 2058 (nginx)CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service├─2058 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx├─2059 nginx: worker process└─2060 nginx: worker process3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP ...
3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain nginx[2051]: nginx: the configuratio...
3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain nginx[2051]: nginx: configuration fi...
3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP a...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@node2 ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@node2 ~]#setenforce 0
[root@node2 ~]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@node2 ~]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@node2 ~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfg              Downloads                   Pictures
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  initial-setup-ks.cfg        Public
Desktop                      jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  Templates
Documents                    Music                       Videos
[root@node2 ~]#tar xf jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[root@node2 ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@node2 local]#ls
bin  etc  games  include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@node2 local]#ln -s jdk1.8.0_291/  jdk
[root@node2 local]#vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
[root@node2 local]#cat /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/:$JRE_HOME/lib/
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
[root@node2 local]#. /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
[root@node2 local]#java -version
java version "1.8.0_291"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_291-b10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.291-b10, mixed mode)

[root@node3 ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@node3 ~]#setenforce 0
[root@node3 ~]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@node3 ~]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@node3 ~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfg              jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  视频  下载
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  公共                        图片  音乐
initial-setup-ks.cfg         模板                        文档  桌面
[root@node3 ~]#tar xf jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
[root@node3 ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@node3 local]#ls
bin  etc  games  include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
[root@node3 local]#ln -s jdk1.8.0_291/  jdk
[root@node3 local]#vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
[root@node3 local]#cat /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/:$JRE_HOME/lib/
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
[root@node3 local]#. /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
[root@node3 local]#java -version
java version "1.8.0_291"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_291-b10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.291-b10, mixed mode)

二、部署Nginx代理服务器配置

[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@localhost ~]#sed -n '23,26p' /etc/nginx/nginx.confupstream tomcat {server 192.168.241.22:8080;server 192.168.241.23:8080;}
[root@localhost ~]#sed -n '50,52p' /etc/nginx/nginx.conflocation ~* \.jsp$ {proxy_pass http://tomcat;}
[root@localhost ~]#nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]#nginx -s reload

三、部署后端真是服务器Tomcat配置

[root@node2 local]#cd
[root@node2 ~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfg              Downloads                   Pictures
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  initial-setup-ks.cfg        Public
Desktop                      jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  Templates
Documents                    Music                       Videos
[root@node2 ~]#tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node2 ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@node2 local]#ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share
[root@node2 local]#ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ tomcat
[root@node2 local]#ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share  tomcat
[root@node2 local]#cd tomcat/
[root@node2 tomcat]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin tomcat
[root@node2 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
chown: cannot access ‘tomcat/’: No such file or directory
[root@node2 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat -R
chown: missing operand after ‘tomcat:tomcat’
Try 'chown --help' for more information.
[root@node2 tomcat]#cd ..
[root@node2 local]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
[root@node2 local]#cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service <<EOF
> [Unit]
> Description=Tomcat
> After=syslog.target network.target
> 
> [Service]
> Type=forking
> ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
> ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
> RestartSec=3
> PrivateTmp=true
> User=tomcat
> Group=tomcat
> 
> [Install]
> WantedBy=multi-user.target
> 
> EOF
[root@node2 local]#cd tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
[root@node2 ROOT]#ls
asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-upper.png       tomcat.css        tomcat.svg
bg-button.png      favicon.ico        tomcat.gif        WEB-INF
bg-middle.png      index.jsp          tomcat.png
bg-nav.png         RELEASE-NOTES.txt  tomcat-power.gif
[root@node2 ROOT]#mv index.jsp index.jsp.bak
[root@node2 ROOT]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@node2 ROOT]#ls
asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-upper.png   RELEASE-NOTES.txt  tomcat-power.gif
bg-button.png      favicon.ico    tomcat.css         tomcat.svg
bg-middle.png      index.jsp      tomcat.gif         WEB-INF
bg-nav.png         index.jsp.bak  tomcat.png
[root@node2 ROOT]#cat index.jsp
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>tomcat test</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>On <%=request.getServerName() %></div>
<div><%=request.getLocalAddr() + ":" + request.getLocalPort() %></div>
<div>SessionID = <span style="color:blue"><%=session.getId() %></span></div>
<%=new Date()%>
</body>
</html>
[root@node2 ROOT]#systemctl start tomcat

[root@node3 local]#cd
[root@node3 ~]#ls
anaconda-ks.cfg              jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  视频  下载
apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  公共                        图片  音乐
initial-setup-ks.cfg         模板                        文档  桌面
[root@node3 ~]#tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node3 ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@node3 local]#ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share
[root@node3 local]#ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ tomcat
[root@node3 local]#ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share  tomcat
[root@node3 local]#cd tomcat/
[root@node3 tomcat]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin tomcat
[root@node3 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
chown: 无法访问"tomcat/": 没有那个文件或目录
[root@node3 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat -R
chown: "tomcat:tomcat" 后缺少操作数
Try 'chown --help' for more information.
[root@node3 tomcat]#cd ..
[root@node3 local]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
[root@node3 local]#cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service <<EOF
> [Unit]
> Description=Tomcat
> After=syslog.target network.target
> 
> [Service]
> Type=forking
> ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
> ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
> RestartSec=3
> PrivateTmp=true
> User=tomcat
> Group=tomcat
> 
> [Install]
> WantedBy=multi-user.target
> 
> EOF
[root@node3 local]#cd tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
[root@node3 ROOT]#ls
asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-upper.png       tomcat.css        tomcat.svg
bg-button.png      favicon.ico        tomcat.gif        WEB-INF
bg-middle.png      index.jsp          tomcat.png
bg-nav.png         RELEASE-NOTES.txt  tomcat-power.gif
[root@node3 ROOT]#mv index.jsp index.jsp.bak
[root@node3 ROOT]#rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@node3 ROOT]#cat index.jsp
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>tomcat test</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>On <%=request.getServerName() %></div>
<div><%=request.getLocalAddr() + ":" + request.getLocalPort() %></div>
<div>SessionID = <span style="color:blue"><%=session.getId() %></span></div>
<%=new Date()%>
</body>
</html>
[root@node3 ROOT]#systemctl start tomcat

实际生产环境不允许Session ID不断变动的。

  • 客户第一次访问被调度到后端真实服务器Tomcat1上，由于是第一次访问，客户度的Cookie缓存会记录，不会有SessionID，Tomcat1服务器会生成新的Session ID传输给客户端，客户端会将这个新的Session ID记录下来；
  • 当第二次访问的时候，Nginx代理服务器又可能将服务请求调度到后端真实服务器Tomcat2上，Tomcat2服务器是没有客户端传输来的Session ID1的，Tomcat2服务器认为客户端要生成新的SessionID，于是Tomcat2服务器将新的Session ID2传输给客户端，客户端会更新Session ID，将刚刚的SessionID更改为SessionID2；
  • 当第三次访问的时候，客户端带着SessionID2去Nginx代理服务器，Nginx代理服务器可能将客户端又调度到Tomcat1服务器上，Tomcat1服务器并没有SessionID2，于是又将新生成的SessionID3传输给客户端，这样会有很不好的客户端体验，所以我们可以根据修改Tomcat配置文件来进行会话保持 

四、配置Tomcat的Session ID会话保持

Tomcat会话保持官方说明https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/cluster-howto.html

[root@node2 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
[root@node2 ROOT]#sed -n '163,201p' /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"channelSendOptions="8"><Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/><Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"><Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"address="228.0.0.4"port="45564"frequency="500"dropTime="3000"/><Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"address="192.168.241.22"port="4000"autoBind="100"selectorTimeout="5000"maxThreads="6"/><Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"><Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/></Sender><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/></Channel><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"filter=""/><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/><Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"watchEnabled="false"/><ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/></Cluster>
[root@node3 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
[root@node3 ROOT]#sed -n '163,201p' /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"channelSendOptions="8"><Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/><Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"><Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"address="228.0.0.4"port="45564"frequency="500"dropTime="3000"/><Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"address="192.168.241.23"port="4000"autoBind="100"selectorTimeout="5000"maxThreads="6"/><Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"><Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/></Sender><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/><Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/></Channel><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"filter=""/><Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/><Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"watchEnabled="false"/><ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/></Cluster>
[root@node2 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml 
[root@node2 ROOT]#sed -n 29p /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml <distributable/>
[root@node2 ROOT]#systemctl restart tomcat
[root@node2 ROOT]#systemctl status tomcat.service 
● tomcat.service - TomcatLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-03-15 22:42:31 EDT; 5s agoProcess: 2566 ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 2601 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 2617 (catalina.sh)CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service├─2617 /bin/sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start└─2618 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/...Mar 15 22:42:31 node2.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Mar 15 22:42:31 node2.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.

[root@node3 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml 
[root@node3 ROOT]#sed -n 29p /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml <distributable/>
[root@node3 ROOT]#systemctl restart tomcat
[root@node3 ROOT]#systemctl status tomcat.service 
● tomcat.service - TomcatLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 六 2024-03-16 18:42:30 CST; 5s agoProcess: 2480 ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 2518 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 2533 (catalina.sh)CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service├─2533 /bin/sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start└─2534 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/...3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr...t
3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr...t
3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr...p
3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CLASSPATH:       /usr...r
3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

五、测试

此时后端真实服务器Tomcat调优完成，SessionID会话保持完成，客户端体验绝佳！

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